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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor, and are often added to blends of beans to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and they are available in a variety of flavours. The aroma and taste of coffee can be affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were stimulated after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that can be used in different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most expensive coffee beans sought-after type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean to cup coffee beans than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there is also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties to reduce costs and ensure quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you must select an excellent bean from a trusted source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. Online, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers in order to guarantee quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee beans manchester (a cool way to improve) plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends in the home. They have a more subtle aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta however they possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee beans to buy plant until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to provide extra body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They are slightly acidic. If properly brewed and roasted, they can have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It is responsible for 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and more round, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy and woody taste.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular varieties and their characteristics, it's time to select your favorite brew. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.